Intestinal flexture10/31/2022 ![]() And then you can see the end of the pancreas sitting in front of it as well. I'll just get rid of that.Īnd then you can see the stomach and the spleen sitting in front of it. We've got the splenic flexure or the left colic flexure. I've just brought those structures back and we'll take a look at what sits in front of the left kidney that you can already see a lot of.Īnyway, the other side of the colon sits in front of the left kidney. This is the suprarenal gland or the adrenal gland. The descending part of the duodenum is retroperitoneal as well and it sits right up against the kidney.Īnd if I just rotate the model around a bit further, you can see this thing on top of the kidney. We'll get rid of that.Īnd now you can see that the descending part of the duodenum sits in front of the medial part of the kidney. It runs in front of the lower part of the kidney, the inferior pole of the kidney. You can see this hepatic flexure or the right colic flexure lies in front of the kidney. You can see the colon runs in front of the kidney. I'll get rid of that and we can see what else is in front of the kidney – and the gallbladder. The right lobe of the liver is kind of big and it sort of pushes it down, so the right kidney is a little bit low than the left kidney. It's because of this large organ, the liver, which sits on top of it. If you look at the kidneys from this view, you can see that the right kidney is slightly lower than the left kidney. We'll take a look first at the right kidney. But what lies in front of the kidneys is different for the right and the left kidney. That’s what lies behind both the kidneys. You can see the iliohypogastric and the ilioinguinal nerve here. You've got the subcostal nerve, the iliohypogastric nerve, the ilioinguinal nerves. And then you've also got the transversus abdominis muscle, which is not shown in this model.Īnd then you've got a couple of nerves. If I just rotate it around to the front, you can see that the quadratus lumborum is hidden because the psoas major is so big in this model. It's kind of obscured in this model by the huge psoas major muscle. You've got the quadratus lumborum, which is this muscle here. And you've got the diaphragm, so the posterior parts of the diaphragm sitting behind the kidney. You can see the psoas major on either side. And if I bring in some other structures like some of the musculature, we can see some of the muscles which sit behind it. If we look at back, we can see that the 12 th rib lies behind the kidney. We'll just take a quick look at some of the posterior relations of the kidney. It's kind of shown just sticking on to the side of the kidney, but they actually enter medially into this vertical little slit into the inside of the kidney. On this model, it's not really demonstrated that well. I just brought in the cardiovascular system here and you can see the large inferior vena cava and the abdominal aorta here and coming off it, you can see the renal veins and arteries on either side entering the hilum together with the ureter. The structure that you can see here coming out of the kidney is called the ureter, but you also have the artery and vein, the renal artery and vein entering the kidney and you've also got nerves and lymphatics. Medially, you've got these vertical slit where various structures enter and exit the kidney. ![]() The kidneys are retroperitoneal, so they're not contained within the folds of the peritoneum, which some of the other organs of the abdominal cavity are.Įach kidney has a superior and inferior pole. They sit on the posterior abdominal wall. If I just bring in the rest of the abdominal organs and fade away the muscles again, we can see how the kidneys sit behind these organs. ![]() They’re not quite shown as extending quite that far, but most textbooks say they extend from T12 down to 元. We've got T12 up here and 元 is down here. They sit at roughly the level of T12 down to 元. You can see here that they sit in the posterior abdominal wall. ![]() Let's just bring in some other structures in and take a look at the relative location of the kidneys. It also regulates blood pressure, blood pH, blood volume and it's important in salt balance and electrolyte balance. The function of the kidneys is really to filter blood and excrete waste and excess water as urine. In another tutorial, I'll talk about the internal structure of the kidneys. And I'll talk about some of the external features of the kidneys. In this tutorial, I'm going to talk about the relations of the kidneys, its location and relation to other structures in the abdomen. ![]()
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